Civil Rights Issues Today
Due Friday 2/21 - Select an article from a quality source about any topic relating to civil rights today. Post a comment to this post with the following two paragraphs: 1 paragraph summary of the key pts. of the article and 1 paragraph reaction. In your reaction be sure to consider implications for government and / or policy. If you selected an opinion or especially biased source, be sure and acknowledge this in your analysis. A TITLE to your post should headline your paragraphs stating your opinion about the issue you are addressing. You should paste the title of the article with the link to the site also above your two paragraphs.
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ReplyDeleteCivil Rights: How Far Have We Come? http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4794
ReplyDeleteCivil Rights have gone far but not too far from the 1960's
This Scholastic article outlines some of the struggles that African Americans went through to get their basic rights including the March on Washington. After the article sums up those events it goes through some of the things african americans did. The article then goes into today some challenges still facing the African american community like redlining, a real estate practice where the realtors don’t sell to minorities in certain areas in fear of lowering property value. The article wraps up by talking about the African american representation that is getting better in the house which is slowly getting closer to the actual population percentage. Scholastic is a purely educational organization so there should not be any biases in the article.
This article outlined a lot of what we went over in class but also went into more detail about the practice of redlining. This practice had to lead to further divides in american schools where we are almost as segregated in our schools now then we were in the 1960's thanks to redlining. This happens because if the realtor decides where you live you can get stuck in school districts where you end up being in a segregated school and sadly this happens all too often to African Americans. Personally I can not blame the realtors for wanting the best property value from their assets but that practice alone outlines a huge flaw in the system with just that act of moving into a neighborhood could lower the value of your house and land.
Justice Gap Report: https://www.lsc.gov/media-center/publications/2017-justice-gap-report
ReplyDeleteThis website is an initiative by the Legal Service Corporation designed to shed light on the current injustice going on in the United States in our court system. The report focused on civil matters because there is no right to counsel in these cases. The main issue in the article is that low income families are forced to go into civil suits with no representation. For example, 86% of civil legal problems reported by low-income citizens received no or inadequate help. And it is not like low-income citizens aren't facing these problems. In fact, they may be facing these matters the most. 71% of low-income citizens are facing civil legal problems. Furthermore, the article goes on to state that 1.8 million people appeared in New York State Courts in 2017 without a lawyer. In cases of eviction 98% of tenants were unrepresented and 95% of parents in child support cases go in alone.
The article was very troublesome. While the constitution does not require a state mandated attorney in these cases, it may be an amendment in the future. While attorney offices do not have the resources many times to help in these cases, further exposure to this problem may help to bring an increase in resources and jobs to help the problem. The report defined 60 million Americans as low income. If 71% of low income citizens are having civil legal problems and 86% lack the help in these examples, the 36,636,000 citizens (10% of U.S. population) lack the necessary support in these matters. This matter has to receive more attention in order to get things done.
I agree that is very troubling that low-income citizens civil suits without representation from a counsel. It is basically setting them up to lose the case. 1.8 million people appearing in court without a lawyer is an astonishing fact that I find concerning. Especially in important cases about child support many of these defendants have to go in alone unrepresented. I think this may lead to future problems with families being broken up because they don't have the correct counsel.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete'Shocking' numbers: Half of LGBTQ adults live in states where no laws ban job discrimination https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/10/08/lgbt-employment-discrimination-half-of-states-offer-no-protections/3837244002/
ReplyDeleteOne of the biggest civil rights issues involes the LGBTQ community, specifically, employment discrimination. An article posted in 2019 by USA Today titled: “'Shocking' numbers: Half of LGBTQ adults live in states where no laws ban job discrimination”, underlines the number of LGBTQ member affected, the protections that are in place, and how common this discrimination is. First, the article highlights that 52% of the LGBTQ population are more likely to be fired, face harassment, and nixed for promotion for their sexual orientation or gender identity. The artcile mentions that while Title VII does not explicitly protect the LGBTQ population, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have reconized their rights. As the aritcle states, 4.5% of the United States population identifies as LGBTQ (11 million people) and only 88% are employed. Currently, only 21 states have laws that ban discrimination against the LGBTQ community in the work field and 25% of the LGBTQ population says that they have faced discrimination and that it negativly impacted their environment.
1/4 of the transgender population said that they were fired, not hired, or denied a promotion according to a MAP report in 2018.
After reading this article, I have a better understadning of what the LGBTQ community goes through while trying to find employment. I knew that this is an issue that women go through with unequal pay and job discrimination; but, I never thought about how the LGBTQ population is affected as well. All people should have the right to feel safe, valued, and respected at their place of work, despite their sexual orientation and gender identity. Equality is an issue that is constantly trying to be resolved in the country and I think that people need to reconize the LGBTQ rights. I think that there needs to be more laws to help protect the LGBTQ community and their right to be treated fairly in the job field. I was surprised to know that over half of the LGBTQ population is more likly to experience employment descrimination. Furthermore, it was interesting to know that only 21 states have laws to protect the LGBTQ comminity (as of 2019). The fact that the community is protesting their civil rights issues is forcing people to pay attention to the matter.
I did not know that this much discrimination still occured against the LGBTQ population in the workplace. I think that it is unfair to discriminate and deny people jobs based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. If a person is qualified for a job they should be hired and able to work without harrassment.
DeleteThe tragic aftermath of one Civil Rights Movement marcher
ReplyDeleteHe Survived A Near-Lynching. 50 Years Later, He's Still Healing
https://www.npr.org/2019/11/15/779274693/he-survived-a-near-lynching-50-years-later-hes-still-healing
This article from 2019 describes an interview with Winfred Rembert, who at the time this article was published was 73, on how his traumatic experience of nearly being lynched has left everlasting effects on him. It happened in the 1960's when he was just 19. Rembert had been participating in a civil rights protest, but he found himself separated from the other protesters as two white men with shotguns cornered him in an alleyway; He found a car with its keys still in the ignition and he fled the scene but was then arrested and sent to jail. Even in jail, Remert could not escape racial discrimination: a prison guard pulled a gun on him, but Remert managed to subdue him and escape. As a consequence, he was brought in front of a large crowd in front of a tree with a rope hanging from it. The guard he fought stabbed him in the neck in front of the crowd, but when he went to lynch him, another guard said "this n***** ain't worth our time." Remert went on to serve 7 more years in jail and after he was released he started his own family, having 8 children with his wife. However to this day, he says that no amount of therapy has helped tame the trauma he has experienced because of that day and that it will follow him to his grave. His wife says that he still wakes up in the middle of the night screaming.
This article was very interesting but also upsetting. It is really sad to see someone suffer for the rest of their life from any traumatic event. I enjoyed reading this article because it showed one first hand account of a person in the civil rights movement and revealed the risks that these protesters took when they marched. We read a lot about the Civil Rights Movement in history classes, but to hear how someone from that time period is living now was very enlightening. I've learned from this article that certain events in history will can have lifetime or even generational effects. Even if our government could pass a perfect policy that could eradicate discrimination and create equality in our country, the mistreatment of the past will continue to keep people like Remert living with the trauma that they experienced. I hope this man can find peace, and I'm glad that he was able to not only survive but also start his own family after nearly being lynched.
I feel the same way about the damage that has been caused against this man as well. I think this really highlights how damaging that discrimination and hate based on race can be for all the people that suffer because of it. It shows how long-lasting the effects can be, and it really is an example of how horrible people can be. The problem of attacks and racial discrimination is something that has long-lasting effects on the person who is targeted. This article really shows how things like this should never of happened in the first place, and that even to this day, people are still suffering because of a group's actions in the past. I feel like we still need to work to protect groups from racially charged attacks.
DeleteNew Battle Over School Segregation Roils Little Rock
ReplyDeletehttps://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2019-09-25/new-battle-over-school-segregation-roils-little-rock
Schools have started becoming resegregated and are reverting back to before the 1960s because of de facto segregation.
Segregation ended at Little Rock in Arkansas city sixty-three years ago, however, some people are concerned that education officials are turning back in time. Many residents opposed the change of Arkansas taking over control of public schools. The states plan to hand over only part control of the city’s schools back to the city many community leaders believe will result in the establishment of separate governing structures for the different schools. The article states that this will result in schools becoming either primarily white or black. This plan was approved by the State Board of Education and was not available for public scrutiny. The plan allows the best schools with high white enrollment to be run by local school boards. Then, the other worse schools with a higher concentration of black and Latino students to be run by the state or by outside organizations. The state justifies their decision by saying that these specific schools need support and intervention in order to improve education for those students.
I found this article biased in favor of local school districts running schools. They didn’t seem to have much faith in the state running schools to improve the quality of education. Personally I think they should focus less on the segregation part of the issue and more on the facts of the failing education of the schools. Regardless of skin color or race, there are specific areas that need more help. I agree with the state’s decision to divide the districts up so that the specific parts can get the help they need. Their ultimate goal is not to segregate schools, it is to improve the quality of education for the failing schools. Is the fear of resegregation more important than improving the education of students?
I agree that they should focus on improving the education of students regardless of race. Of course, if the motive is to re-segregate by race, then this is a ridiculous plan and is just erasing the steps we took to desegregate schools since Brown v. Board of Education. However, it does make sense that there could be a higher concentration of minorities who need more assistance because of the lack of education their parents or grandparents may have received due to the past mistreatment to minorities. However, once again, they should be separating schools by who needs assistance, NOT based solely on race, gender, or religion. I am interested to see whether this will make the schools have an equal balance in quality or if one school will thrive while the other will continue to struggle in comparison.
DeleteI agree. Although diversity in schools is extremely important, it is more important to improve the education quality in the failing schools. I think if the education quality was improved in failing schools it would make more of an impact on desegregation than what your article claimed.
DeleteTennessee Gov. Bill Lee Faces Backlash After Signing Controversial Adoption Bill
ReplyDeletehttps://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2020-01-27/tennessee-gov-bill-lee-faces-backlash-after-signing-controversial-adoption-bill
The Tennessee governor Bill Lee is facing backlash after signing a bill that allowed state-funded adoption agencies to deny services to LGBTQ couples for religious reasons. Opponents of the bill cite that it is harmful for both the couples and the children that need adoption and are writing petitions and seeking recourse for this bill, resulting in over five thousand online petition signers. Supporters of the bill cite that the bill protects adoption agencies' moral and religious beliefs, and protection of rights, especially religious liberty, is the main reason governor Lee signed the bill. Tennessee is now one of eleven states that allow child welfare agencies to refuse services to the LGBTQ community if it conflicts with their religious beliefs.
This bill is interesting as it pits religious freedom against sexual freedom and LGBTQ rights. If the bill broadly allowed these services to be denied to the LGBTQ community, it would have been struck down fairly quickly. However, because of the requirement that the denying be because of religious reasons, it is a lot hazier on whether the bill is fair. Although individuals have the right to deny services based on religion, the service is publicly funded and individuals should not be denied them anyways based on their status.
Bayard Rustin, gay civil rights icon, pardoned by California governor for anti-gay charges
ReplyDeletehttps://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/bayard-rustin-gay-civil-rights-icon-pardoned-california-governor-anti-n1130501
As part of a California plan to creating a new pardon process for others convicted under outdated laws punishing homosexual activity, the state's governor posthumously pardoned Bayard Rustin, a gay civil rights leader who was a close confidant to Martin Luther Kind Jr. and a key organizer on the March on Washington for his arrest in 1953. Gov. Gavin Newsom noted that the police at the time were very unfair to LGBTQ people, and because of this, he issued an executive order creating a "clemency initiative" to identify people who may qualify for pardons and to swiftly carry them out. Newsom's actions are directed at remedying decades of unjust punishment for the LGBTQ community as "Generations of LGBT people — including countless gay men — were branded criminals and sex offenders simply because they had consensual sex."
I believe this is a great step in helping the LGBTQ community relieve some past hardships do to overwhelming negative stigma especially during the Civil Rights movements. Many gay men in the past have had their image ruined due to being arrested or put on the sex offender list unjustly, and I believe that these pardons now are very helpful, especially for otherwise important figures like Bayard Rustin, preserving his legacy as an influential leader of the civil rights movement. I wonder is other states are taking this same initiative, or if California is the first state.
I also believe this is a good step towards helping the LGBTQ community relieve hardships imposed on them by very extreme views decades ago. I think its interesting that theyre granting pardons even to dead people, though I understand that it is so that their reputation is not tarnished. I do believe that other states should try to pass the same legislation to help families and communities suffering from past convictions to to their sexual status.
DeleteNearly 6 Decades After the Civil Rights Act, Why Do Black Workers Still Have to Hustle to Get Ahead? https://time.com/5783869/gig-economy-inequality/
ReplyDeleteIn 1964 the civil rights act was passed and was a victory for many black Americans all over the country but their suffering was still far from over. Today the battle of segregation may not be as prominent as it was back in the 1900’s but it is still here. It is still harder for a colored American to get a job than a white American. Everyone faces the hustle when they are in the workforce whether you are working class, middle class, or upper class but everyone faces it in a different way. In the working class hustle is putting together multiple jobs for a living and for the middle/upper class it is discussed as “multiple revenue streams”. While we all have to hustle it is harder for a colored American than for a white one to do the hustling. Even with a bachelor's degree it can be hard for black women to find a job in america. While all the news seems bad there is still a good side. The movement to raise the minimum wage for service and care workers has been having a good effect because of the multi-racail support backing it. This still means there is a possibility of change in the future as long as everyone sticks to what they believe in and never give up on the hustle.
This article brings up many fair points on segregation in the current day world. It helps bring to light how even though it is less obvious there is still segregation happening even if signs are not spelling it out on every corner of every street. Even though the de jure segregation has completely disappeared there is still natural segregation from the results of being separate but not equal for so long. It could still take many years for the effects of the peoples laws that lived before us to fully wear off. This is all very true and real because even though people are not directly segregated against the current laws still favor the rich. Now more than ever laws have been shifting towards private school and private sectors over public ones which makes it harder for the people impoverished to get back into the race and on a level playing field with everyone else. Overall I feel like the intentions of the government are good in terms of ending segregation but they are still favoring the higher classes with money which is unintentionally targeting the black Americanas making it harder for them to live a good life without the hustle.
Civil Rights organizations file requests to preserve ICE records
ReplyDeletehttps://abcnews.go.com/US/civil-rights-organizations-file-requests-preserve-ice-records/story?id=69069058
Opinion: ICE records should be saved permanently
In October 2015, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) approved the request of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) allowing files to be discarded after three years. Files, including those which contain civil rights violations and inadequate medical care, could be destroyed unless the file had a pending litigation or Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request. FOIA is a law requiring the disclosure of unreleased information upon request. Four civil rights organizations including the American Civil Liberties Union, National Immigrant Justice Center, American Immigration Counsel, and National Immigration Law Center have requested FOIAs, stating the destruction of such documents is against the law. According to the NARA, documents regarding the death of an ICE detainee is preserved permanently; however, documents regarding sexual assault can only be saved for 25 years.
Before reading this article posted by ABC News, I didn’t know ICE documents could be destroyed. I think that all documents, resolved or unresolved should be preserved because the treatment, procedures, and measures taken by ICE workers are relevant and will be relevant years to come. Similar to other major historical methods of detainment, whether it be of the Japanese internment camps or jews in the Holocaust, students today learn from those events and have recolection of those events based on documents and pictures. In my opinion, any document regarding the detainees of ICE should be restored to protect the rights of the detained and preserve history.
Police brutality, especially against African Americans, has been on the rise even after the Civil Rights Movement.
ReplyDelete“Study: Police Violence a Leading Cause of Death for Young Men”
https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2019-08-05/police-violence-a-leading-cause-of-death-for-young-men
This article from US News highlights the racial inequality when it comes to police brutality in our country. Interactions with police officers have become one of the leading causes of death among all young men ages 25-29, and especially in African Americans. As of right now the mortality rate from police violence, regardless of color, is 1.8 per 100,000. This number is only a couple deaths away from the other leading causes of death; heart disease (7 per 100,000) and cancer (6.3 per 100,000). These numbers are not always 100% accurate because there is no official database that records information about police homicides. The author then explains research that was done to find more accurate numbers. The basis of this research was to find out how likely it is for each racial group to die from a police encounter. The researchers used the question "If 100,000 people were born today, and the risk (of dying from police violence) stayed the same, how many people would die?" The results showed that roughly 52 of every 100,000 African American men and boys would die in a police encounter. The number for white males was an estimated 39 in 100,000. The report found that overall, African American males are 2.5 times as likely to die in a police encounter than white men. There are many factors that can contribute to this gap in justice such as hostility, racism, economic disparity, and threats to the cops. All of these play a role in the racial inequality in our country.
The article has many facts that could cause one to believe in the clear inequality of races in our country today. The risk of an African American dying in a police encounter is far too high for a country that is supposed to be so “equal.” I believe the research done is a clear indication that most of the problem lies in the hands of police officers. The continuation of this inequality leads me to believe that most of the problem is racism. For years now, there have been stories of young African American men being brutalized and killed for no reason at all. Examples of this include Trayvon Martin, who was shot and killed by a police officer because he was acting “suspicious.” Another story all over the news was the death of Eric Garner, who was suffocated to death by the police after repeatedly yelling “I can’t breathe.” Both deaths caused much controversy over the racism of police in our country, and this article backs that up. I think a solution to this problem is the possibility for better background checks of cops to see if they have any racist background or heritage. If a police officer were to have a racist history, they could have to go through a course designed to help diminish some of the racism they have. After reading through the research done in this article, I’m shocked at just how likely it is for someone to be killed by a police officer. Not only African Americans, but all races as well. This has become a huge issue in our country even after the long fight of the civil rights movement in the 1900s.
A very moving topic. You truly did not show ideological cowardice by taking this problem head on. Very shocking numbers with gravity. The fact that police brutality mortality rate is 1.8 per 100,000 is truly disgusting. This number should be 0, and America needs to come together to find some sort of solution to this rampant problem.
DeleteI also agree that this is a issue that is happening today and I was very surprised by the numbers the article provided on the topic of police brutality. The fact that African American males are 2.5 times as likely in a police encounter compared to that of white men is actually crazy. This shows that civil rights is not great with police in recent years and it has caused the black lives matter movement as well. Overall you did a good job on addressing civil rights today and you showed one of it's weaker areas.
DeleteUSA Today- Progress toward LGBTQ equality 'is a jagged line.' Here's what has changed over the past decade.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/02/11/lgbtq-equality-map-report-shows-advances-challenges-2010-2020/4667911002/
The struggle for the LGBTQ community has been a legal battle that has taken place in the 21st Century. This article seeks to clarify the gains and progress that the community has achieved these past years. The consensus on this group’s rights is that substantial gains have been made in the community, however it has been an uphill battle. The major gains for the LGBTQ community have come in this past decade as more states adopt laws protecting the rights of this group. Between 2010 and 2020, a large amount of the states have adopted laws that protects this group when it comes to labor laws and healthcare. Overall, when legislation is passed, it is in favor of the LGBTQ community, and as more states adopt laws that protect them, the community will be more protected. However, this is shadowed by a movement against this progress as there is a large amount of bills in state’s legislation that could harm the rights of LGBTQ people. These bills could propose restrictions on things like healthcare and jobs for this group and threaten to violate their civil rights. Also, the protections that are given are only state-wide, and some states have very little protections which would mean moving states could change someone’s world. Overall, the progress being made by this community is increasing, however it is faced with a great opposition and is slow moving.
My view on this matter is a positive one. It is great how more laws are being put in place to protect the rights of all people, and the increasing protection through this decade shows how change is happening now. It is very interesting to be in the middle of a civil rights revolution of a different quality. The changes made in this community are recent and the changes in the laws in the past decade prove that it is a movement that has not ended yet. I believe that this movement will not stop until full protection under the laws is made for all people regarding this group. The push for change and laws to protect the LGBTQ group is a strong one, and this article helps show how active they are. It is very interesting to see the determination this group has had in pushing for their civil rights, and is clear how much people value them. This is a new type of civil rights push, and it is very different than any others before it. The goal of this group is an admirable one, but I do not believe it will happen without a strong conviction. The attacks against this group have been malicious ones and I feel like the right protections are still not in place to make sure everyone has the same rights. The LGTBQ community will continue to push for equality and I commend their effort, and through the backlash against them I feel like they will be able to achieve their goals.
‘Education Remains the Civil Rights Issue of Our Time’
ReplyDeletehttps://edtrust.org/the-equity-line/education-remains-civil-rights-issue-time/
It has been 66 years since the Brown v Board of Education decision that resulted in declaring equality in the education system and establishing separate but equal as unconstitutional. Since 1954, there has been a record high in school graduation and a record low in drop out rates.
However, there is still a long way to go to ensure equality among all students. The article states that public classrooms have failed to offer the same opportunity to all students, especially to those of color and other underserved students. The education systems continue to offer the most vulnerable students less, including their access to better teachers, better learning environment and a offering more challenging courses. There is also less access available to the underprivileged in services and support that students need to thrive in education. The article also points out that communities across our country are more segregated by race and by class than they were decades ago. Further, these education problems are mostly happening in these separated communities. Finally, the article notes that it is the responsibility of the states and districts to step up and take the lead because they all have a role to play in this important work.
This article outlined the good and the bad that has developed since the Brown v Board of Education decision. After reading the article, I feel that it is the right of every student to have an equal opportunity in the education system, no matter their race, gender or social status. To be able to succeed in school, graduate and become a productive adult and member of society, all students need to be given the equal tools and opportunity. There needs to be a way for students everywhere to receive the same assistance, no matter what their status. Learning that drop out rates are at the lowest, and that graduation rates were at the highest made me feel better about the situation. However, there are still many students that don't get the help and education that they deserve and that needs to be changed.
I too believe that all students should have an equal opportunity to succeed in the classroom, and should not be discriminated against base on their race, religion, or gender. It also surprises me that even after Brown v Board of Education, there is still discrimination and re segregation in our country. After this court case was decided, it was a common belief that segregation in schools would be terminated in all forms, though sadly this is not the case.
Deletehttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-civil-rights-today/
ReplyDeleteHow far have Civil Rights gotten today?
Alan Jenkins, co founder of the Opportunity agenda, which helps expand opportunity for things like jobs across America, discusses what the state of civil rights in the United States is like today. Jenkins states that although good progress has been made when it comes to civil rights, there is still drastic room for improvement . He states one point of evidence that helps him back up his beliefs is that when Hurricane Katrina happened, more African American communities were in the more flood vulnerable zones which shows that poverty and racial inequality still heavily affects the African American community. The article ends with Jenkins stating that today is a crossroad for opportunity and making another large change in which America can overcome inequality and in the end, strengthen civil rights.
I thought this article did a good job of proving evidence on how civil rights and segregation are not just topics that America can ignore because we think it has already past, the part that made me open my eyes and realize that it is still going on today and probably in most areas across the US, is the fact that more African Americans lived in flood vulnerable neighborhoods. Although the article is a little out of date, these things show that it is still happening now and that we have not made as great of a change as the author wanted. Finally, I believe that although we still have a long way to go, from the time this article was written to now, civil rights have come a long way, which can be seen by events such as the removal of the confederate flag in South Carolina. finally, this article was published on PBS.org, so according to the media bias chart, it provides great facts, and is non biased at the same time, making it a great source for the topic.
Good job explaining the article in depth. How do you think we are doing managing Civil Rights today?
Delete“PragerU Takes Legal Action Against Google and YouTube for Discrimination”
ReplyDeletehttps://www.prageru.com/press-release/prageru-takes-legal-action-against-google-and-youtube-for-discrimination/
After Google and YouTube severely restricted PragerU’s educational videos, Prager University filed a lawsuit for discrimination. PragerU is an organization that makes educational, political, philosophical, and economic videos from a more conservative perspective. YouTube and Google have been banning and restricting many of the organization’s educational videos for ‘inappropriate’ content. Over 50 videos such as ‘Why America Must Lead,’ and “Why Did America Fight the Korean War,” have been restricted by YouTube or Google. As a result, Prager University filed a lawsuit because PragerU believes that YouTube and Google are restricting their videos solely based on their political ideology and that there is nothing inappropriate about the videos. Because the case has to do with free speech, it has gained support from “prominent liberals” such as Alan Dershowitz even though PragerU is a conservative organization.
I think it is discriminatory and wrong for Google and YouTube to restrict PragerU’s videos solely on the basis of political ideology. If there is truly nothing inappropriate about them other than the fact that they are of a conservative perspective, then it does not make sense to ban the videos, for everyone should have equal access to information on both sides of the political spectrum. Allowing access to differing opinions enables people to have a new perspective. If this case were to succeed in court, it could drastically change the way in which online companies or the media are allowed to censor materials. I think the results of the case will depend on how the first amendment applies to Google regarding censorship and how the “discrimination” accusation is perceived by the court. Also, I think this case is interesting because it is a conservative organization filing a lawsuit that is drawing liberal support, which does not happen very often. It makes sense why some liberals would support PragerU in this argument because liberals are typically strong advocates for civil rights and liberties.
I had the same reaction to that article as you did, and I also worry and am interested in how this case will change how online companies and media are allowed to censor material. I think that the videos should not be restricted because of political ideology, and that they should have more reason to restrict it. I did not know that this was occurring until now, and I look forward to learning more about it and seeing what the courts decide in the future.
DeleteI find it interesting that Prager University's educational videos are restricted because they should be protected under the First Amendment. Also, I feel like Google and YouTube should be more concerned about other content that is truly inappropriate.
DeleteNew study: Minority coaches still fare worse during NFL hiring process
ReplyDeletehttps://theundefeated.com/features/new-study-minority-coaches-still-fare-worse-during-nfl-hiring-process/
For the people who previously commented on my blog posts reminding me that I did not include the bias of the article, I´ll include that information at the top so no one has to worry about the bias. The article is made by The Undefeated, which is a pro African American rights sports company, and has some bias towards segregation against African Americans, but it is not unwarranted or flasley backed up.
The NFL has been the pinnacle of professional football success for years, and the most successful professional support within the United States. Its iconic superstars and thirty two professional teams, which dot the country from coast to coast, have become more than just well known names. They have ascended into a class of their own in which they have become almost god-like in the face of public opinion. However, like most perfect pieces of art and music, the NFL has one smudge preventing it from becoming the abstract thought of idealism. The NFL suffers from a serious problem of racial inequality off the field which can be dated back to the mid 1900´s in which racist ideology manifested into a backwards thinking culture. With years of rinsing and fixing, this problem has diminished, but the issue of unfair treatment towards minority groups still lingers. In the article ¨Minority coaches still fare worse during the NFL hiring process¨ by The Undefeated (a racially focused sports website, which covers big time plays on the field as well as in the real life world of civil liberties) they discuss the issue of inequality in the coaching spectrum of the NFL. Since the early 2000´s a coaching epidemic has plagued the sport as many qualified coaches were not given the opportunity to make it big. This was later addressed in 2011 with the Rooney Rule in which the NFL was made it president that NFL teams must interview minority groups (African Americans, Latinos, Asians, etc.) as a form of Affirmative Action. There is no quota but it sets a mandate that the NFL must move towards diversity within the coaching position. This type of Affirmative Action worked well as the average number of coaches of color grew by 68%, 2.23 coaches per season prior and 3.76 coaches per season in the following year. However, this increase cannot only be attributed to Affirmative Action, as it is also due to an increase in African American coaches at the collegiate level. This due to the fact that the Head Coach position is such a PR action that NFL teams choose to only hire well known individuals. So, with an increase in the number of coaches being interviewed and coaches at the college level, what problem remains? This answer is a hard thing to admit but true in nature. The NFL is not directly racist but is built on many ideas considered to be suspect at the bare minimum. In an interview with Scott N. Brooks, an associate professor at Arizona State University and the director of research at the Global Sport Institute, he states that ¨We can legislate behavior, we can make people have to do certain things, but we cannot in fact change mind-sets.¨ This is the perfect summary of what occurs within the NFL industry. Stereotypes and stigma associated with people of color have created ideas about who they are, before they are even given a chance to prove it themselves. This is associated within the hiring process of Offensive Coordinators. Offensive Coordinator is the quickest route to a head coach
position statistically speaking. Since the year 2009, 40% of all hired coaches came from the Offensive Coordinator position (which is a huge percentage given coaches can be hired from special teams, defense, scouting, lower levels of coaching and so forth) yet 70% of those OC´s, who were hired as coaches, were in fact white. Additionally, 91% of the offensive coordinators hired as OC´s were white. This goes to show how little of a chance African Americans are given to become Head Coaches as few are even hired to the most direct route. This goes to show the prejudice within the NFL community, as the Rooney Rule stated before was supposed to encourage African American coaching, yet it has done very little. However, the white privilege that many caucasian coaches feast upon does not end there. In a recent study, the information produced has shown how much more likely white coaches are to be given a second chance in comparison to African Americans. Since 2009, only one African American coach has been fired and then rehired by another team. In contrast, since 2009, a grand total of seven caucasian coaches have been fired and then rehired, with many being rehired multiple times. Although, this statistic could be abolished by the fact that fewer minority coaches have been hired than white coaches, which emphasizes the problem at hand and only reinforces the idea of the article, as of 2009 eight minority coaches have been fired and one was rehired. Lastly, not only are African American coaches given fewer opportunities for redemption, but they even have shorter coaching careers. In a study focusing on coaching careers of winning coaches, the study found that the lifespan of African American coaches was 2.2 seasons, while white coaches were given 3.2 seasons. Another disturbing yet true statistic that exists within the coaching world.
ReplyDeleteAs a whole, I am a general fan of the NFL and football in general. I have some hatred towards their commissioner, Clown Goodell, but that is neither here nor there. I am more so a fan of the NBA, which in my opinion is the most progressive and fairly ran sports league. My main man Adam Silver is holding down the fort quite amazingly. However, I found this article to be disturbing in how evident racism is within the face of professional sports, the National Football League. Statistics, beyond criminal, exist with no real intention of slowing down. Further, as a whole it is evident to see what is happening with this industry. Mike Tomlinson, an African American coach for the Steelers who has an overall record of 141-80-1 (amazing), has received heavy criticism by sports media for being too much of a player first coach. It is a general thinking that because of his skin color he does not crack down on many of his star players, who are African American as well. These ideas are what will always and forever hold the NFL back from being the greatest sport in the face of public values. Also, the constant residue of conflict, which resides in the sport, will forever be a problem. Recently, in a story line from this season, NFL edge rusher, Myles Garret of the Cleveland Browns, has verbally come out and said that his assault on opposing competitor, Mason Rudolph, was sparked due to Mason calling Myles the ¨N word¨. This is a huge red flag in the NFL as whatever comes of this will be bad. If the league finds Myles to be correct, then the NFL will have one of the biggest PR problems ever, at a time when the public eye is always looming. The NFL will further bury itself in its racism and the drastic changes will need to be made. However, if Myles is wrong, which evidence has come out that proves him wrong, then the NFL and this realm of accusations will be forever tainted. This is terrible as the more people that lie about wrong things happening to them, the less people will be believed. I feel like this is horrible because it almost forces people to take
accusations with a grain of salt. Furthermore, I feel the NFL needs to put more programs into effect that target prominent African American prospects in the Coaching field. By putting players with high IQ into these programs then you are helping bridge the gap between whites and African Americans, leveling the playing field. As well as limiting how much managers can take connections into account. In my opinion, this one of the major reasons in which whites are hired more often than African Americans. In all honesty, it's sad to see racism this bad in a world where ideas and thoughts are so advanced. I feel like we are so beyond this primitive and ugly thought process, but apparently we are not. I don't know how, but I hope that one day people from all backgrounds can learn to love one another without race or religion or sexual orientation or gender or social background ever running through our minds. Because, it is silly to even think that we would limit ourselves to who we are willing to love, when love is such a beautiful and kind gift all people are willing to receive. Love is something that bridges the ends of thoughts and abstract ideas. Love is the care we give one another and the feeling when someone cares so much about you, that they are willing to go above and beyond to see you at your best. It is what all humans have in common and the driving force against racism. The only limitation is your acceptance towards it.
ReplyDeleteI am in agreement that after all these years we should be past racisim, especially in sports. It is sad to know how much of an issue this continues to be, whether that be in sports, jobs, schools, etc, as a country we must to better. I like how you mentioned that love for others is beyond from the way they look, who they love, or where their from, it is rooted from acceptance and the ability to cherish others for who they are as a person.
Deletehttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/steven-reed-first-black-mayor-montgomery-alabama_n_5dcb500be4b03a7e02915e29
ReplyDeleteSteven Reed First Black Mayor of Montgomery, Alabama
In the past, Alabama has been known for their racist tendencies throughout US history. Although their have been wrongdoings that occurred, Montgomery is taking steps in the right direction. On October 8th 2019, Montgomery Alabama elected it's first Black mayor in 200 years. This election can make positive impacts for the African-american community, especially because they account for 60% of the population there. The article also mentions the important past of civil rights in Montgomery, where Martin Luther King jr. gained popularity and important protests took place.
In my opinion, I believe this is a great step in the right direction. Although I am not aware of Reed's policies, it has been long overdue for more diversity to represent this city which is majority African-american. It is great to see the growth this city has been through since the civil rights movement and the advancements that are being made. With these strides, we can hope that racism continues to die and we can improve the betterment of minority lives.
I agree Kohler. It is a very big step for the state of Alabama and good for the US overall.
DeleteI agree Kohler. It is a very big step for the state of Alabama and good for the US overall. I also found it very surprising to hear that this was just their first black mayor in 200 years when nearly 60% of the population is of color.
DeleteI agree with what you stated in your article. It is a big step in the right direction for Montgomery Alabama. Having the first Black mayor in 200 years shows that there is improvement and a will to change. In also agree with your opinion that this will help the racim slowly die and improve the betterment of minority lives. Hopefully with this change other states will soon change how they view and racism will dissolve in the future in the United States.
DeleteMortality Rates for police shootings based on race and age. I think the numbers are not good for the American people but they are not surprising based on what you hear in the news. https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2019-08-15/police-shootings-are-a-leading-cause-of-death-for-black-men
ReplyDeleteThe main idea of this article centered around young, black men being more likely to get shot and die from gunshots than any other kind of person. They started off by stating 1 in every 1000 black men dies from a gunshot wound which is 2.5 times higher than a white man's chances. They then went on to connect these dangers to mental health issues for people affected by this violence because it puts more stress on their everyday lives. After they compared the chances of getting shot for white men and black men, they went on to share statistics for every race, age and gender. Finally, they went on to share reasons behind these statistics and ways people could help reverse them.
I thought this article was very well written and had lots of data to back up their claims. My first reaction was to the statistic that 1 in every 1000 black men will be killed by a gunshot and that they are 2.5 times more likely to get shot then a white man. To me that is unacceptable and needs to be addressed in some kind of government policy whether that is through the police or through public policies is up to debate. I also felt disappointed when I read there are lots of mental illnesses in places with lots of shooting related incidents, which makes sense, but the fact that police officers are the ones dealing with these problems instead of people with training like therapists to me is baffling. Finally, I agree with the article when it talks about causes of these staggering numbers. The article gives the reasons of over policing black neighborhoods on the promise of ending the war on drugs and not giving the people with mental illness the proper care they need as major causes of this huge gap in race related gunshots which I agree with but I would also include racial discrimination by the public and cops aswell when talking about the cause of these numbers. Overall it was a good article that brings to the light a very important issue in America today.
The content inside the article you chose is extremely disturbing and surprising to me as well, Owen. The statistic of how 1 in every 1,000 black men will be killed by a gunshot highlights a major problem within the United States that needs to be dealt with on a higher level. I agree with you when you say that racial discrimination by the public and by police officers may contribute heavily to the statistics provided. Overall, your article really does a great job of provoking a sense of moral outrage and a hope for change in our nation.
Deletehttps://money.cnn.com/2018/05/18/news/nfl-nba-mlb-owners-diversity/index.html
ReplyDeleteThese are the only two owners of color in the NFL
The NFL is the largest american sports league and it is hard to believe there are only two NFL owners who are not white. CNN talks about how historically wealth comes from the white community and it will be many years before we see an afiracn american owner of an NFL team because the team owners typically pass on the team throughout their family. Last year the Carolina Panthers were on sale and rap/pop star “DIddy” tweeted that he would like to buy the team but instead the ex owner sold the team to a white billionaire David Tepper. The only two owners. in the NFL who are of color are the Jaguars owner Shahid Khan who is Pakistiani American and Bills co-owner Kim Pegula who is Asian American.
I found this article to be very surprising in my opinion. This is shocking to me because the NFL is a very diverse league and to think that the owners who are the head of the franches are nearly all white just doesn't seem right to me. I'm sure that the African Americans who make up for most of the NFL’s population are not thrilled by this fact. It seems unfair that all the other races who are participating in the NFL do not even get a shot of being a Owner, and when they do such as when diddy did, they just get turned down.
I didn't know that all the owners of the nfl are white with the exception of 2, this suprises me too. Also how Diddy got turned down from being aloud to own one is confusing because I don't see a reason why he couldn't. CNN is a good source aswell so I think this was a good response to our assignment.
DeleteI agree with your reaction. I also feel we need more owners of color so that colored players feel they have someone in the owners inner circle that will stand up for them. I also feel similar to you that there are plenty of non-white people who are interested in being an owner but arn't getting a shot because the white owners keep selling to other white people.
DeleteI like your analysis here! The Gaurdian says that the League of more than 70% non white so why aren't there more people of color that own these teams? My man Diddy isn't broke either, he has a networth of nearly $1 BN. I would have liked to see what players thought of the lack of representation in the owner side of the NFL. Likewise, it would have been interesting to hear your take on how we could alleviate this problem. Overall good work!
DeleteVery shocking that there is not much diversity with NFL Owners. Although I do not feel as if you can come to a conclusion that it is race based because all of those men rightfully purchased their teams and worked hard for their money.
DeleteReligious School Choice Case May Yield Landmark Supreme Court Decision
ReplyDeletehttps://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/us/politics/supreme-court-religion-school-vouchers.html
Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue debates public funding for private schools. Democratic state governments believe that the voucher programs should remain, otherwise they will open up the possibility of more publicly funded religious education while draining traditional public schools. They also argue that shutting down the program will remove the tax breaks to donors who funded scholarships that families could use for private schools. The conservative side of the debate is unsure of whether or not the voucher blurs the constitutional line between church and state. Blaine Amendments, also known as no-aid provisions, are the last line of defense against widespread acceptance of school voucher programs. Places such as Montana, among 36 other states, have such amendments. The article shares concerns for families, taxpayers, and communities that will be deprived from substantial educational, fiscal, and civic benefits that the religiously neutral educational-choice programs provided.
Personally, I am also uncertain of whether or not educational vouchers should continue. I think the intent of them is amazing, to ensure that no matter what type of neighborhood an individual is from, they can still obtain a good education. I also think they are good to encourage competition among the schools because it is trying to get public schools to change their policies in order to outperform the private schools. The article mostly argues points like these since it wants to convince its readers to keep the vouchers; however, I think there are a few topics it missed that make the vouchers less appealing. They possibly violate the separation of church and state, a goal that the country’s founders strove to stay away from. They also can make the situation of the current struggling public schools worse because monetary support and other efforts are being diverted and focused on private schools. With this in mind, I think that the vouchers should remain, but I do think there needs to be another solution to bettering the education system overall.
I completely agree with the fact that the voucher system needs to be restructured because it has proven itself to be corrupt. In my opinion, while handing vouchers out in moderation can be a positive thing for kids and families who wish to have a religious education but cannot independently afford it, I think that they should be used exclusively in those cases. Families should not have to feel the need to escape "failing public schools" because there should not be failing public schools. Rather than contributing substantial amounts of spending for vouchers for those who do not want to attend public schools due to quality of education, I believe we should delegate more of our budget to a quality public education system.
DeleteBrigham Young University Retracts Honor Code Rule Banning Some "Homosexual Behavior"
ReplyDeletehttps://time.com/5788165/brigham-young-university-homosexual-behavior-rules-revised/
Opinion: This is definitely a positive change that, in my opinion, is long overdue.
Brigham Young University, one of the nation's most staunchly conservative religious universities, has revised its code of conduct in a way that lifts a rule prohibiting acting on “homosexual feelings”. This rule had previously been found in what the University referred to as its “honor code”. Brigham Young is owned and operated by the Church Of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (better known as the mormons), a denomination whose views on the LGBTQ are that while “being gay isn’t a sin”, “same-sex intimacy is”. Members and allies of the LGBTQ community long have protested BYU’s provision in their code of conduct, citing a double standard between hetero and homosexual couples. Carri Jenkins, a spokesperson from the University claims BYU still upholds their views that the expression of homosexuality is a sin, stating that the school merely made the change to remove “percriptive language” and that the “principles of the Honor Code” still stand. This is reflective of many members of the mormon faith that still hold their belief that homosexuality is a sin while attempting to simultaneously be more accepting.
To be quite frank, while I admire the University’s efforts, I think that their actions are long overdue in the modern world. The fact that the repeal of the rule was done with such cautiousness as hesitation strikes me as immature. In the year 2020 I think that it is almost heinous to debate that individuals who claim to run an institution that provides a quality higher education for all students need not be hyper focused on the actions of students in their personal lives. I understand that the beliefs of the Mormon faith are long held and rather strictly upheld, and that the University has every right to enforce whatever religious beliefs they choose because they are private, however I think that to hide blatant homophobia and prejudice behind the name of the God who is supposed to instill love and compassion into all of his creatures is not only wildly incorrect, but outright disgusting. That being said, I am glad that an institution that was previously so rigid in their belief system despite its flaws has opened the door for more progressive and inclusive ideals.
I agree that the BYU policy was very overdue for change, but I find it extremely disheartening that even though they repealed the provision, their reason for doing so reveals that they still address the LGBT community with malice. Based on their claims that the principle still stands, it seems to me that the code was only changed due to the opposition it received from activists groups and their desire to appear more progressive, but in reality their ideology has not changed. Appearing to support civil rights, and actually protecting them are very different actions, and I think the University fails at both.
Deletehttps://www.npr.org/2020/01/14/795961381/racist-housing-practices-from-the-1930s-linked-to-hotter-neighborhoods-today
ReplyDeleteRacist Housing Practices From The 1930s Linked To Hotter Neighborhoods Today
Redlining in the United States where the federal government would section off neighborhoods from green, yellow and red to determine the threat level of the neighborhood. This threat level was often decided by the African American population in these areas. Although redlining was outlawed in the 1970s the effects are still being felt today. Some would argue that redlining is still alive today but NPR, a bipartisan news outlet, the effects are literally being felt today. A group of researchers found that neighborhoods affected by redlining are a higher temperature than the neighborhoods that weren’t affected by this policy. They find that 90% of neighborhoods affected by redlining were on average 5 degrees hotter than those not affected. Vivek Shandas, a professor of urban studies and planning at Portland State University states “It's like stepping into a parking lot from a park. You would feel that relatively quickly”. He goes on to say “...we saw that it was a pattern that we were seeing consistently across the country”. In addition, they found in 97% of the most populated cities in the US low income areas tended to be higher temperatures. This is no accident though. NPR goes on to say that the way in which these cities were designed creates more heat. Because there is significantly more pavement which will slowly absorb heat and significantly less green space. This is problematic because the extra heat levels have dangerous health consequences and can even lead to death which is the number one weather related cause of death each year. Things don’t get better for these formerly redlined communities. NPR and Howard Center found that these communities have huge spikes in the amount of emergency due to heat.
Climate change is a very real issue that affects those who are impoverished and minority communities first. I think it’s hard to argue that POC has not been given the short end of the stick, even in 2020. Just by being born these communities have a higher chance of heat related health risks because the generation before them were barred for economic mobility. This is one of the many reasons we must make radical changes to fight the real horrors of climate change. Until we take actions to fight unjust hierarchy and battle climate change which disproportionately poor communities of color we will never be equal.
Aiden, as a whole I find your article fascinating in the way it brings up such an unknown problem. I would have never guessed the climate differences associated within red lined districts. Additionally, since these areas are quite so full of poverty, proper medical attention and basic combatants, such as water and sunscreen, would be difficult to obtain. This can be addressed with climate change and I love how you bring this up. The world is in fact getting hotter and places already hot, are becoming unlivable.
Deletehttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/02/17/mandatory-vasectomy-alabama-proposal/4791335002/
ReplyDeleteMandatory Vasectomy at age 50? Alabama lawmaker proposes response to abortion ban.
Opinion: Women's rights advocates refute unconstitutional Alabama abortion ban by attempting to restrict men's rights.
Last year Alabama passed the Human Life Protection Act (HLPA), which declared abortions illegal; making preforming one punishable with up to 99 years in prison and having one punishable by up to 10 years. The act would classify abortion as a Class A and C felony, and while it has received negative reactions in court, there is still a possibility of the law being passed.The Act was blocked by a federal judge, but the legislatures that proposed the bill have filed for a lawsuit, and the final ruling is yet to be decided on. In response to this legislation, Women's rights activists have petitioned for a bill to mandate men over 50 to receive a vasectomy. Representative Rolanda Hollis, sponsored the bill, stating "We can’t put all the responsibility on women. Men need to be responsible also.” Proponents of the bill claim that mandatory vasectomies would make the HLPA fair to both women and men. Another action that has been taken was by democratic senator Vivian Davis Figures. She tried to add a provision to the HLPA that also prohibited men's right to a vasectomy instead of mandating them. Both legislations have been blocked, but these women's argument still remains; restricting a person's reproductive rights is unconstitutional, and even discriminatory if not applied to each sexes.
I think that mandating and prohibiting vasectomies is a violation of civil rights, but I also believe that making abortion a crime is too. Reproductive rights should be in the hands of the people, not the government. While vasectomies and abortion aren't necessarily the same, I think that the article makes a compelling argument. There is no reason that only women should be given restrictions and incriminated for their medical choices, and the same applies to men. Quite frankly, it does seem unjust that there are allowed to be laws infringing on women's right the privacy, but not men's.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION
ReplyDeletehttps://combathumantrafficking.org/2018/12/human-trafficking-human-rights-violation/
This article starts with a quote by Kofi Annan It discusses how slavery was “the first international human rights issue to come to the fore. It led to the adoption of the first human rights laws” and yet despite the efforts to fight this problem it is still a very promate thing in today's society around the world. Over 16 rights are violated within human trafficking. Inclding a few such as The right to liberty and security, The right not to be submitted to slavery, servitude, forced labor or bonded labor, The right not to be subjected to torture and/or cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment, The right to be free from gendered violence, The right to freedom of association, The right to freedom of movement, and much more. This article offers different approaches to combating the problem as well such as “Empowerment, self-representation and participation of those affected by trafficking are fundamental principles for a human rights-based approach. The participation of survivors should be active, free, and meaningful, empowering them to reflect their views in relevant policies and programs.” all in efforts to try and help those affected, victims, families of the victims who lose so much valuable time away from their loved ones.
I like how they go about trying to help survivors through the program this article includes, but the article itself is upsetting. The fact that this problem is so evident, you can look on scott county inmates and find prostitutes every week. Even though prositituion and sex trafficiing is different they probably still have pimps that may beat them and just living in an enviorment with illigeal sex trade is something I wish never exsited. Slavery is something that was banned so long ago yet still exsit sadly. Thousands of young girls are forced into the sex trafficing every year, even in the quad cities we’ve had people come to talk about the problem and how relevant it is today.I hope more is done to fight and protect people from this distrubing civil rights violation.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/16/us/jaylan-butler-eastern-illinois-police.html
ReplyDeleteIn this article by the NY Times, the author explains how there are increased Police Shootings drastically in the past decades. In particular, the author talks about a student at Eastern Illinois who had an altercation with police about no reason that was listed. According to Butler, he was unlawfully searched by Police at an event last year with his team and had a gun pointed at his head. He claims that race may have been an issue, due to the fact that the cop was a white male, but there is no evidence as of now that race was a factor. Police brutality is a big issue and it needs to be solved immediately.
My thoughts about the article were mostly surprising. I just would never think something like this could happen to a division one athlete. I don't know the full details of the case but I do know that there have been some race related issues with various police officers targeting black students and civilians for stop and frisk like activity. This stuff needs to stop and is endangering the integrity of our justice system. All in all, I feel bad for the student, but I do not know the full details so I cannot come to a conclusion whether it was right or not.
I agree that Police brutality is a big issue, I've had a gun drawn on me by police here in Iowa and seen a boy one year older then me get shot in 2018. This also makes me think of the man shot dead in his grandmas backyard while he was holding his cell phone. It's something that shouldn't feel normal but does. Hearing and even seeing people be shot when you live in bigger cities or one the size of the all the Qaud cities combined like in Rockford, IL isn't out of the ordinary. Police need to have more training on when is the right time to pull out a deadly weapon, and how to address situations that could result in harm of civilians or unlawful searches.
ReplyDelete